Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) provides many notable pharmacological benefits. First, sugarcane contains phenolic compounds, plant sterols, and policosanol, which have antioxidant activity, help protect cells from damage, and improve overall health. Ethanol extracts from fresh leaves and shoots have shown pain-relieving effects, particularly in tests involving writhing responses and tail-flick reactions induced by chemical stimulation. In addition, aqueous extracts from dried stems have hepatoprotective effects, helping protect the liver from damage caused by chloroform. In terms of blood sugar control, ethanol extracts from the leaves and stems, as well as juice from dried stems, have shown effectiveness in lowering blood glucose levels and supporting the prevention of hyperglycemia.