Red chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) originates from South or Central America and is now widely cultivated in Vietnam. The fruit contains capsaicin, vitamin C, and carotenoids – notable active compounds that help reduce inflammation and pain, strengthen immunity, and support digestion. Capsaicin is also used as a topical pain reliever in the treatment of arthritis and nerve pain. This fruit is both nutritious and of high medicinal value in traditional and modern medicine.